Indlela yokutsalwa kwezityalo zendalo
Le ndlela ikakhulu isebenzisa amagqabi ezityalo zohlobo lwe-Ursi njengezinto ezikrwada, kwaye isebenzisa i-organic solvent extraction, utsalo, ikholamu yechromatography kunye nezinye iindlela zokwahlula kunye nokucoca ukufumana.arbutin isicatshulwa. Kwangowe-1930, kwanikelwa ingxelo yokubaarbutin iqulethwe kumagqabi ekhaphetshu yamatye. Uphononongo olulandelayo luqinisekisile ukuba i-arbutin ikwafumaneka kumagqabi omthi omnyama werayisi, ibhilberry, ibhereberry kunye nomthi wepere. glycosides.
Ekubeni umxholo we-arbutin kwizityalo uphantsi kakhulu, inkqubo yokukhutshwa inzima kakhulu, kwaye ukucoceka kwesicatshulwa akubanga phezulu, ngoko ke ngophuhliso lwezinye iindlela zokulungiselela, indlela yokukhutshwa kwezityalo ilahlekelwe yinzuzo yayo yokukhuphisana ngokuthe ngcembe.
Inkcubeko yezicubu zezityalo
Indlela yenkcubeko yezicubu zezityalo isebenzisa amandla e-glycosylation yeeseli zesityalo ukuguqula i-hydroquinone ibe yi-arbutin. Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokutsalwa kwezityalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokufumana i-arbutin usebenzisa iindlela zenkcubeko yezicubu zezityalo kuphezulu kakhulu. Xa usebenzisa le ndlela, ukukhetha indawo yenkcubeko yesityalo esisebenzayo kunye nokumisela iimeko ezifanelekileyo zenkcubeko zingundoqo.
T izinto ezisetyenziswayo kwindlela yenkcubeko yezicubu zezityalo zicocekile, izinga lokuguqulwa liphezulu, kwaye imveliso ayingcolisekanga. Nangona kunjalo, umjikelo wemveliso ude, ukwahlukana kunye nokuhlanjululwa kunzima, kwaye uphuhliso lwamashishini alukhulanga. Ukuqonda ngakumbi indlela yokukhula kweeseli zezityalo, ukucacisa izinto eziphambili eziphembelela inkqubo yokudibanisa, ukunciphisa umjikelo wemveliso, kunye nokuphucula isivuno yimiba ephambili ekufuneka isonjululwe ekusetyenzisweni kwale ndlela.
Indlela yokudibanisa i-enzyme
Indlela ye-enzyme synthesis ikakhulu isebenzisa i-glycosyltransferase okanye i-glycosidase njenge-catalyze yokudluliselwa kwe-glycosyl kunye nokubuyisela umva impendulo ye-hydrolysis ukuze idibanise i-glycosides, oko kukuthi, i-arbutin ifunyenwe kwi-hydroquinone kunye ne-glucose phantsi kwe-catalysis ye-glycosidase.
Indlela ye-enzyme synthesis inenkqubo elula, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-synthesis ephezulu, kunye nethemba elikhulu lophuhliso. Ngophando olunzulu ngale ndlela kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngaphezulu nangakumbi kufunyenwe ii-zymogens ezifanelekileyo, kwaye izinga lokwenziwa kwe-arbutin nalo liya linyuka ngokunyuka. Kukholelwa ukuba le ndlela iya kuba yenye yezalathiso eziphambili zophando kwi-synthesis ye-arbutin kwixesha elizayo. Nye.
Ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali
Ngokubanzi, i-chemical synthesis ye-arbutin isebenzisa i-glucose kunye ne-hydroquinone njengemathiriyeli ekrwada. Emva kokuba ezi zimbini zikhuselwe ngokufanelekileyo, zifumana i-glycosidation reaction kwaye zisuse iqela elikhuselayo. Indlela yokwenziwa kweekhemikhali ibe yeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokulungiselela i-arbutin ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo zomgangatho ongcono wemveliso eyenziweyo kunye neendleko eziphantsi zemveliso, kwaye ifezekise imveliso yemveliso ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
Okwangoku, e-China, iswekile ye-anhydrous isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengezinto ezikrwada, kwayeb -arbutin iveliswa ngokukhuselwa kwe-acylation, i-catalytic condensation, kunye ne-alkaline hydrolysis. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji ye-synthesis, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amanyathelo okwenziwa kwasekhaya kwe-arbutin enziwe lula ngokuthe ngcembe, inqanaba lokudibanisa liye laphuculwa ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye umgangatho ufikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu lamazwe ngamazwe. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa ye-stereoselectivity engalunganga yemveliso kwi-chemical synthesis, uphando olunzulu ngakumbi lusafuneka ukufumana indlela esebenzayo kunye nechanekileyo yokudibanisa imichiza yokulungiselela.a-arbutin.
Ukhuseleko lwe-arbutin
Ngenxa yokuba i-hydroquinone inefuthe lokuthintela i-tyrosinase, yayisetyenziswa kwizithambisi zokuqala zokulwa ne-freckle kunye ne-whitening ukunciphisa i-pigmentation yesikhumba. Uphononongo lwakamva lwafumanisa ukuba i-hydroquinone inomngcipheko wokubangela i-ochronosis yangaphandle kunye ne-vitiligo, kunye nokuvuselela kunye ne-carcinogenesis. Imingcipheko enokubakho, idweliswe njengecandelo elivaliweyo lezithambiso kwilizwe lam. I-Arbutin ikwayi-tyrosinase inhibitor kwaye ithatha indawo ye-hydroquinone. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezifana nexabiso eliphantsi le-pH, ubushushu obuphezulu, kunye ne-ultraviolet irradiation, i-arbutin inokuguqulwa ibe yi-hydroquinone phantsi kwesenzo se-microorganisms yesikhumba okanye i-glucosidase, okukhokelela kwimingcipheko enokubakho ye-sensitization, i-genotoxicity, okanye i-carcinogenesis. Ke ngoko, uphando lokhuseleko lwe-arbutin luhlala lutsala umdla kwishishini.
NgoFebruwari 2023, i-SCCS yakhupha uluvo lwayo lokugqibela malunga nokhuseleko lwea-arbutin kunyeb-arbutin kwi-cosmetics (SCCS/1642/22), enezi zigqibo zilandelayo
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