Ngowe-1998, umphengululi waseJapan uAkiu et al. i-arbutin ekhutshiweyo kunye neyodwa kumagqabi e-bearberry kwaye ifumene into enokufikelela kwimiphumo emhlophe. Ineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo ze-pharmacological ezifana ne-anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitussive, expectorant, kunye ne-antiasthmatic. , ikwayi-inhibitor ye-tyrosinase kwi-melanocytes yabantu, ngoko ke yakhawuleza yaba yeyona nto ithandwayo kushishino lokwenziwa mhlophe.
Arbutin, eyaziwa ngokubaarbutin , i-chemically p-hydroxyphenyl-D-glucopyranoside kwaye ikwimo yeekristale ezimhlophe njengenaliti okanye umgubo. I-soluble ngokulula emanzini ashushu, i-methanol, i-ethanol kunye ne-aqueous solutions ye-propylene glycol kunye ne-glycerol, kodwa i-insoluble kwi-ether, i-chloroform, i-petroleum ether kunye nezinye i-solvents. I-molecular formula yi-C12H16O7, kwaye isakhiwo sayo simi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
I-Arbutin yimolekyuli eyenziwe ngamaqela e-organic ahlanganiswe ngamaqela e-polyvalent hydroxyl. Isisombululo esinamanzi asinambala kwaye siyabonakala, ngoko sinokuhambelana kakuhle kwaye sinokusetyenziswa ngokulula njengesongezo kwiikhilimu. Ukongeza, ineempawu ezintle zokuthambisa, kulula ngakumbi ukuyisebenzisa kunye ne-makeup, inolusu oluthambileyo nolukhululekileyo, kwaye inemvakalelo emhlophe kunye necocekileyo emva kwesicelo. Ezi mpawu zichongwa yisakhiwo se-polyhydroxyl glycosides.
Ukongeza, i-arbutin inempembelelo ekhethekileyo yokuthintela kwi-melanin.
I-Melanin yinto enemibala emnyama enokubangela umbala wolusu. Yenziwe nge-oxidation ye-tyrosine nge-tyrosinase. Sinokuthatha i-tyrosinase njengeyona enzyme yokunciphisa izinga lokwenziwa kwe-melanin eluswini. Umsebenzi we-tyrosine umisela inani le-melanin eyenziwe.
Indlela yokuthintela umsebenzi we-catalytic we-tyrosinase yenye yezalathiso eziphambili zophando kushishino olumhlophe. Iiarhente ezimhlophe zendabuko ezifana ne-hydroquinone (i-1,4-hydroquinone) inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo umsebenzi we-tyrosinase kwaye ibe nefuthe elithile le-depigmentation eluswini. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwangaphandle kunokubangela ukucaphuka kwaye kunokubangela lula ulusu ukurhawuzelela, ukuhlaba, kunye nokuxobuka. Iimpawu ze-alergic ezifana ne-dandruff kunye ne-erythema zinokubangela umonakalo osisigxina, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa kwayo kweklinikhi kuxhomekeke kwimida ethile.
Ubume be-arbutin bufana ne-hydroquinone. Ubume bayo bune-molecule yeglucose enye kune-hydroquinone, iyenza izinze kwaye ilunge ngakumbi kwesikhumba. Iyakwazi ukuthintela ngempumelelo umsebenzi we-tyrosinase kunye nokuveliswa kwe-melanin. , Hayit kuphela inokususa amabala, kodwa ineziphumo ezithile ze-bactericidal kunye ne-anti-inflammatory.
Ine-cytotoxicity ephantsi kwaye ikhuselekile noko kwaye ayinayo ityhefu eluswini. Inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo umsebenzi we-tyrosinase kunye nokuthintela ukubunjwa kwe-melanocytes. Inokudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo kunye ne-tyrosinase ukukhawulezisa ukubola kwe-melanin. kunye nezinto ezikhutshwayo zokunciphisa ukubekwa kwe-melanin eluswini, ngoko ke i-arbutin yeyona nto ifanelekileyo abantu abayifunayo.
Ngokwezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, i-arbutin inokwahlulwa ibe yi-α-arbutin, β-arbutin kunye ne-deoxyarbutin (D-arbutin).
Kuba i-α-arbutin ifumaneka ikakhulu ngotshintsho lwebhayoloji kunye ne-enzymatic synthesis, kunye nesikali semveliso silinganiselwe, uninzi lwe-arbutin okwangoku kwimarike yi-β-arbutin, kodwa isiphumo sobumhlophe silungile kuphela njenge-α-arbutin. Isinye kwishumi elinesihlanu.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba kufanelekile ukongeza i-3% ye-arbutin kwizinto zokuthambisa, okuyi-90% esebenzayo kwi-depigmenting freckles, amabala ebhabhathane kunye ne-melanin deposits.
Zombini i-α-arbutin kunye ne-β-arbutin zinyibilika emanzini, kwaye ulwakhiwo lwelecithin oluphindwe kabini lwe-epidermal cell membrane lunceda ngakumbi ekufunxeni kwezinto ezinyibilikayo ngamanqatha, ngoko ke ideoxyarbutin yabakho.
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