Ukwaluphala komntu ngumthetho wendalo jikelele. "I-Biochemistry kunye ne-Cell Biology yokuguga" ishwankathela amashumi eminyaka yophando lokuguga kunye neempawu zokuguga kumonakalo owenziwe nge-oxidative kunye nokwehla kumanqanaba e-NAD +.
Kuya kubonakala ukuba i-NAD + idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizinto eziphilayo, kwaye inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nezifo ezosulelayo kunye nezifo.
I-NAD+ ibizwa ngokuba yi-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, okanye i-coenzyme I ngokufutshane. Ibandakanyeka ngokubanzi kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo esisiseko ye-physiological ngaphakathi kwe-organism, ngaloo ndlela ichaphazela ukubuyiswa kwamandla, ukuchasana nomonakalo we-oxidative, ukulungiswa kwe-DNA, ukulawula imfuza kunye ne-genomes elawula ukuguga kwiiseli, ukwenza buthathaka okanye ukuvala ezinye izakhi zofuzo ezigugayo, ngaloo ndlela ulibazisa ngokufanelekileyo. ukuqhubela phambili komgca. Ngezantsi, makhe sijonge ngokubanzi:
1.Ukubaluleka kwe-NAD +
Njengenye yeemetabolites ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni womntu, i-NAD+ ibikwimeko ezinzileyo ebandakanya imveliso yebhayoloji, ukusetyenziswa, ukujikeleza kunye nokuthotywa ixesha elide.
Ukuqala ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-30, inqanaba le-NAD + emzimbeni womntu liya kubonisa ukuhla njengoko abantu bekhula. Ukuncipha komxholo we-NAD + kwiiseli kuya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni amandla okulungisa iDNA, kukhawulezise ukuqokelelwa komonakalo weDNA, emva koko kukhokelele ekutshatyalalisweni kweNAD + Umxholo uyancipha ngakumbi, wenze umjikelo okhohlakeleyo wokuguga ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza.
Sithi i-NAD + ibandakanyeka ekulungiseni i-DNA ikakhulu kuba i-substrate yentsapho ye-PARP. Nge-NAD +, i-PARP inokudlala indima yayo ehambelanayo. Kwelinye icala, i-PARP ikwangomnye “wabathengi” abaphambili be-NAD + kwiiseli. I-NAD+ esetyenziswe yi-PARP ijika ibe yi-nicotinamide NAM, kwaye emva koko iqukuqelela kwindlela yokuhlangula, kwaye i-NAD+ iphinda idityaniswe ngoncedo lwe-NAMPT, i-NMNAT kunye nezinye i-enzymes. Xa iiseli ziphantsi koxinzelelo (kubandakanywa neenkqubo zokulungisa i-DNA), izixa ezikhulu ze-NAD + zidityaniswe ngendlela yokuhlangula ukuze kugcinwe ulungelelwano phakathi konikezelo kunye nemfuno.
I-NAD + ithatha inxaxheba ekulungiseni i-DNA njenge-Sirtuins substrate
I-Sirtuins yintsapho yeprotheni ye-deacetylase equkethe amalungu e-7 (SIRT1-SIRT7). I-SIRT1, i-SIRT6, kunye ne-SIRT7 zikhona kwi-nucleus, i-SIRT2 idlala indima kwi-cytoplasm, kwaye i-SIRT3, i-SIRT4, kunye ne-SIRT5 ziiprotheni ze-mitochondrial. Ezinye ii-Sirtuins (ingakumbi i-SIRT1 kunye ne-SIRT6) zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulungiseni i-DNA kunye ne-metabolism yeselula emva komonakalo we-DNA.
I-3.NAD + imetabolism kunye nemisebenzi ye-physiological
01. Gcina i-redox homeostasis
Ukugcina ibhalansi ye-intracellular oxidants kunye ne-antioxidants ngundoqo kwiiseli ukugcina imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, i-stimuli embi efana nongcoliseko, utshintsho lwesondlo kunye nokusuleleka kunokuphazamisa le bhalansi kwaye kubangele umonakalo kwi-macromolecules yezinto eziphilayo ezifana ne-DNA kunye neeprotheni. Ukuncedisa i-NAD+ kunokudlala indima yokukhusela i-oxidative ngokwandisa amanqanaba kunye nemisebenzi ye-glutathione kunye nothotho lwee-antioxidant enzymes.
02. Gcina uzinzo lwe-genome
Ukunqongophala kwe-NAD + kuya kubangela imiqobo ekulungiseni umonakalo we-DNA, kubangela ukuba umonakalo omkhulu we-DNA uqokelele, kunye nokuncedisa i-NAD + kunokunceda ukulungiswa kwe-DNA.
03. Ukulawula i-immunity kunye namanqanaba okuvuvukala
Ukongeza kwi-NAD + ngokwayo ikwazi ukucothisa amanqanaba okudumba okugqithisileyo ngokuphucula umsebenzi we-lysosomal, i-enzyme ye-NAMPT eyimfuneko kwimetabolism yayo ikwayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokulawula ukhuselo lomzimba. Ukuncedisa i-NAD + kunceda ukulawula ukungatheleleki kunye nokudumba.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-26-2023
